The Movable Buffet

Dispatches from Las Vegas
by Richard Abowitz

« Previous Post | The Movable Buffet Home | Next Post »

Poker: luck or skill?

July 11, 2007 |  1:43 pm
I am baffled by poker. I don't even know the rules. Yet, over the past few years I keep meeting and interviewing people who call themselves professional poker players.  So, with the World Series of Poker progressing now at the Rio, I am once again forced to deal with my poker confusion. It all boils down to what should be a simple question: is poker a game of luck or skill? I notice reading about the WSOP that even at this early stage many of the ex-champions have been eliminated and yet a handful of Hollywood stars are still in there playing. I know this would not likely be the case if the tournament was for chess or tennis. Anyone think Jennifer Tilly is going to best Serena Williams after some serious practice? How about a chess match where Ben Affleck checkmates the living remains of Bobby Fischer?  Yet, in poker this sort of thing happens every year. Frequently unknowns come out winners like last year with winner Jamie Gold. This year Gold was swiftly eliminated.  See what I mean?

So, I asked Las Vegas Advisor editor and publisher Anthony Curtis, who is one of the premiere experts on gambling in Las Vegas, for his opinion.  Though Curtis shows nuance in his answer, he clearly falls on the side of skill for poker:
 
"Poker combines skill and luck, perhaps better than any other game, which helps explain its popularity. In a field of 6,500, where less than 10% of the participants are at the highest skill level, it figures that many unknowns will advance far. But you are likely to see the pros over-represented when you get down to the last several-hundred. In poker, luck can dominate in the short term, but overall, skill is the dominant factor. Poker is, without question, a game of skill."
 
I don't know if I am convinced. What do you think?
 


Post a comment
If you are under 13 years of age you may read this message board, but you may not participate.
Here are the full legal terms you agree to by using this comment form.

Comments are moderated, and will not appear until they've been approved.

If you have a TypeKey or TypePad account, please Sign In





Comments

In my experience, there are periods in poker when you are dealt good cards, and there are periods when you get really bad cards. It's how you bet, bluff and otherwise play when you get the good cards, and how you survive when you get the bad cards, that determines your success. Plus, every player needs to develop a strategy that capitalizes on their strengths. For example, some people are great bluffers, some people know how to set traps, and some people are brilliant at calculating the percentages of possible hands.

As he said, in the long run, poker is most definitely a game of skill, although it allows for luck in the short run. If it wasn't a game of skill, then there wouldn't be serious academic efforts to create skilled AI Hold 'Em players. If it wasn't a game of skill, this research group wouldn't exist:

http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~games/poker/

There's a lot more luck in poker than tennis. Plus no physical training. It definitely requires skill. A lot less than tennis.

Anthony Curtis is well known around Vegas as so full of sh.. he should dress in toilet paper. He is expert on nothing.

There is some skill (mostly bluffing) involved in the five card poker games, less in the seven card poker games and very little in Texas Hold Em, the big tournament game. Look at how many hold em hands come down to the last card where all the players who are still in can win. In addition, if you back up the hand to include the players who folded you often find a winner who folded early. Hold em is almost all luck as evidenced by the many "pros" who don't get out of the early rounds.

This is from a guy who was on the other side of the tables for many years.

Skilled players win in the long run, but the long run is longer than most people think, especially because of the house 'rake'. The house takes 5% or so of every pot above a minimum size and the effect is like brokerage commissions on stock market day traders. I win consistently online, but the total house rake is about 25% of my pre-rake winnings.

In short, without rake you obviously have to be better than a 50th percentile player to win, and if you're a 51st percentile player the long run may be most of a human lifetime. With a 5% rake I estimate you actually have to be a 75th percentile or better player to win long term. But at least you CAN beat the rake, as opposed to an absolute house edge in the other games.

Also, I think a pro's advantage vs. an average, reasonably competent player is only comparable to the typical house edge at, say, blackjack or craps, so over a session/tourney situation of several hundred hands it's quite possible for a pro to get busted out by Joe Average with only a relatively small assist from Lady Luck.

OK let me express the skill vs. luck issue another way. Let's set up a league and a season in Madden Football where all the teams are identical , except that we'll fiddle with one team's kickers' accuracy and distance parameters so that its punter averages 10 more yards/kick than all the others, the FG kicker averages 10% more FGs at any given distance than the others and will never shank a PAT vs. 5% shanked PATs for the rest of the kickers. So now that one team has a skill edge. That team is obviously the one to bet on to ultimately win the Super Bowl if we have the computer play out a season. But how often will it actually make it all the way? Not very often. But if you have the computer play a million seasons you will come out ahead by betting on that team. Pro's have a few more edges than that over average players, but that's about the gist of it.

The Poker world has several players that have won 8 or more world titles. Can you imagine an 8 time champion roulette player, or an 8 time slot machine champion. The only explanation is the skill factor. Sure last year's winner can get knocked out in the first round, but that is the luck component. Sometimes you just don't get the cards and your opponent does.

Poker is first and foremost a game of patience. A player who lacks patience will find that he (or she) has neither luck nor skill.

I think it is 90% luck and 10% skill. Even if you get a pair of good cards, it does not mean anything except you can really put a good bet on them. Everything else depends on the forthcoming cards.

Poker is a percentage game. The best players usually get there money in with a higher percentage to win, but unless the last card is drawn that's usually all it is. An 80% chance to win a particular hand is just that, not a 100% chance to win. So that is why over time the skill matters, because the large numbers mean the percentages play out over many many hands. But yes in the short term the 20% chance to win players can overcome skill if the right card hits.

It's why the only way to tell the great players are the one's who can win over a long period of time, say 10 years. Certainly not a single tournament.

It's not that complicated a question. If you play one hand, luck weighs extremely heavily. Conversely, if you play an infinite number of hands, luck is completely removed from the equation.

As the number of hands dealt approaches infinity, the variation between cards dealt to different players approaches zero. As variation in cards approaches zero, the only thing left to determine who wins is skill.

It's in the realm between one hand and infinite hands where people argue about luck vs. skill. And obviously, since infinity isn't attainable, there is always luck.

What people are failing to mention as a third variable is the fuzzy human perceptual instinct. Does luck say you have a good hand and skill say you should raise, yet that little voice inside tells you to fold? Anybody can learn to weather a storm of bad cards, and anyone can learn to raise or fold based upon situational probabilities. But the great players are separated by their ability to "just know" at just the right time when appearances are to be ignored.

There is far more skill than luck required, no question. You can be consistently lucky and get great cards but without the skill to maximize your potential winnings with those cards they won't do you much good. Of course there is no way that poker should be compared to any physical sport like tennis or golf, because while both poker and sports require skills, they are compeltely different skill sets and therefore you're comparing apples and oranges. There is of course a physical component to poker in that it can be difficult to stay compeltely alert for the extended times one must sit relatively motionless at a poker table for hours on end.

So in short, in poker you need skill to capitalize on your good luck and skill to overcome your bad luck.

It is a game of skill and luck. The skill is not primarily in the understanding of odds or position, but in being able to read people and being able to act for others.

Ina nutshell, the skill factor in poker involves a) the player's ability to calculate the odds for a given hand, b) the player's ability to "read" opponents for strength/weakness and c) the player's ability to avoid giving the other players any information during the hand. There is also the physical factor that comes into play when a tournament runs over hours or days on an event like the WSOP mainevent. All of these interact with luck such that poker is an extremely complex meld that allows skilled professionals to make a viable career, while still providing that once in a lifetime opportunity for all those lucky amateurs to experience their 15 minutes of fame (and fortune).

If a talented player can win 51% of the time compared to an opponent's 49%, the odds that the opponent will go broke over the long run is essentially 100% - provided that each bets are only a small fraction of the total amount originally held by both players.

Think of the roulette wheel. If you have $100, and you bet it out in $1 bets until you either hit $200 or lose everything... well, odds are close to 100% that you'll lose everything.

But if you put it all on black, odds are 48% to 52% (or so, depending on the table). If you simply saw a small sample output (say, 10 or 20 outcomes) without knowing these odds in advance, you would have a tough time knowing whether the player or house holds the advantage.

I think this is why it's difficult to percieve the talented player's advantage if you only watch a few rounds. But over the long haul, the advantage of the skilled player is close to 100%.

As a table game played at the same stakes over time (not a tournament game), poker is largely luck in the short term and almost entirely skill in the long term. From a mathematical perspective, this is because the random process of a player's bankroll over time can be (incompletely) characterized by its mean and its variance. The mean is the average rate that money is won or lost over time; for other table games, the mean is more or less fixed and is the house edge. The variance is the degree of fluctuation from the mean. As with most gambling games, the variance in poker is quite large. However, the contribution of variance to the mean is negligible over a significantly long period of time, and the average contribution of variance to the mean is nil.

In my experience many players who claim poker is mostly luck are the ones that lose at it most of the time. Even without a good knowledge of math, you can use simple logic to solve whether poker is mostly luck or not. If poker was mostly luck, how is it that so many players win enough games to make a living on it. They must be the luckiest people in the world!

However, the element of luck in poker is greater then say, tennis or chess. It is big enough to where big name pros will lose in early rounds once in a while. However, I guarentee you, if you take 25 top pros and 75 average poker players, and pit them against each other for 100 tournements, to where the top 25% get paid, I guarentee you that by the end of that 100 tournemnets the pros will have made money and most of the other players will have lost money. This would be impossible if the game were mostly luck.

Anyone who has seen that recent video of Tilly with the full house of Jacks and checking the river because she thought a pro had quad kings (runner runner kings i might add) should be asking themselves some serious questions about the legitimancy of these big tournaments.
That was seriously the most bizarre thing I have ever seen a a poker table
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tN6wAHTWeEA
For her to have won a bracelet playing like that screams that these tournaments are manipulated to some degree to get these names through. If it were a bunch of pros no one had ever heard of around a table even for a large amount of money would as many people care? But get Ben Affleck or Toby Maguire up there and suddenly the media takes a major interest.

Assuming one has at least miild intelligence and understands the basics of playing poker, which I estimate takes a month, then poker is all about luck. In particular, cash game poker is all about luck. Remember, the "luck" may even out but not the dollars associated with that luck. If you get lucky when you are involved in small pots and equally unlucky when you're involved in larger hands, then your luck will even out but you'll be seriously broke! Pros that get sponsorships need to claim that "poker is no game of luck" but in reality they know it better than anyone. They just can't say it or they'll lose sponsorships. They'll say "How come you see so many familiar faces at final tables?" Well, you don't. I watch a lot of poker, very rarely do you see the same players. And amateurs win most of the tournaments, including the biggest one, the WSOP Main Event. You can play great all night and suffer one bad beat and be out of a tournament. And that's if your good luck outweighs your bad luck by a lot! Don't believe the hype, poker is ALL LUCK. I play a LOT of poker (I still enjoy it) and watch a lot also and I'm highly intelligent, especialy mathematically and logically, and I tell you it's LUCK.

I have to agree with JR.
I love poker even though luck has very big role in it.
Poker pro's don't do so well in big tournaments although they take part to every tournament there is (and there is a lot).
If average Joe with normal poker skills would take part to all tournaments, he surely would get to final table at least one's (like some pro's do).
Besides there is so many pro players nowadays it should be almost impossible to have final table without at least one pro in it. but there still is lot's of final tables without pro's.

BTW. One big thing is that pro's don't need to pay buy inn's themselves. This of course makes the playing more relaxed which guarantees better results.

There is always talk about how pro player can kick average Joe's ass. Of course he can - sometimes - but with real skill games you couldn't even dream that average Joe can beat pro player, ever.

Question should be how pro player can beat another pro player, with cards or with skills? They know pretty much the same tactics and all. One who gets the cards in right situations, wins.

And last thing: if pro's etc. would say poker is mostly luck, it would make them look bad. But even bigger thing is that most pros are part of poker business, they own internet poker rooms etc. (for example some Full Tilt's pro players own part of Full Tilt poker room). That is where they get the really big money. If average Joe's all over the world would start thinking that poker is mostly luck (60/40 for example) people would not deposit money to poker rooms as much as they do today, because they wouldn't think they need to learn poker to make money. If people would start thinking poker is luck, poker business would stumble. This is something they will never allow to happen.

Poker is still fun and there is lot's of skill in it, but it's the cards, and the situations where you get the cards, that matters the most when you play with skilled players.
And we can't say that if we play ad infinitum the skill prevails because we can't play ad infinitum.

Some of these comments are so absurd. However, one is right on the money -- the losers call it luck. The winners know it's skill. Of course, in the short term, anything can happen. But there is way too much stress on mathematics here. The real difference between winners and losers is knowing how most people bet certain situations, picking up tells, using psychological (verbal) warfare, managing a bankroll, not going on tilt, and setting traps based on how particular people bet. If you don't understand this, then you either don't play/understand the game, or you lose at it.

Cash Games require more skill than tournaments. Not to say tournaments don't require skill. It's just that the rising blinds can force your play in the later rounds. Plus, there's no chance for negotiations (a good way to avoid bad beats in a cash game). I'm shocked someone wrote that Cash Games have a higher element of luck. Absolutely clueless.

And as far as pros not winning WSOP -- there are 6500 players! They're comlpetely outnumbered. Of course poker isn't 100% skill, but over the long run it's about 75-80%. There have been MANY times when I see someone at the table and I know after ten minutes that they will eventually get felted (lose all his/her money). The reasons -- this person is: readable, a calling station, easily intimidated. These are not elements of chance. And, getting back to WSOP, Stu Ungar won three (two in a row '80 and '81). Doyle Brunson won twice and came in third a few years laters. Johnny Chan also won back-to-back in the late '80s. He is also a prime example of skill. He doesn't gamble. He waits for premium hands and capitalizes. Which reminds me that patience is another key factor.

And finally, the pros love to see 'tv pros' sit down at the cash games: Helmuth (no clue how to bet), Matusow (goes on tilt easily), Shieky (folds easily). They want these players at the table because they're LESS SKILLED!

Losers think it's luck. Winners know it's skill. Check career winnings for Allan Cunningham, Johnny Chan, Doyle Brunson, Gus Hansen (and I'm not talking about sponsors).

If you think it's luck, I want you at my table. :)

Of course poker is mainly a skill game but the reason why some lesser players such as Jamie Gold can win the WSOP Main Event is because there is considerable luck in the short term. And who ever said cash game poker is mainly all luck is completely ignorant. There is much more skill in cash games than tournaments. No comparison. Many people win tournaments but not many are consistent cash game winners.

I have been gambling for a long time, on sports and house casino games, as well as poker of late. As far as this query about how much of poker involves luck vs. skill is concerned, there is something else to consider I have yet to see mentioned by previous posters. Some ppl just seem to have more luck than others. I have seen it time and again. I know that theoretically, the math dictates that every1's luck in poker will even out over-time, but the same is true in other games as well. So take ur average large lottery. How can any1 explain why some ppl have been struck by lightning more than once in their lives, whereas others who have bought many more tickets even have never so much as won a subsidiary prize let alone a jackpot. Don't know why this is, some might say karma or something, but I prefer a more scientific explanation. It's called variance. No1 can predict how LONG a streak of bad-luck or good-luck might last before it changes. Thus 2 ppl could play poker for 50 years each, and 1 player could have taken way more bad-beats over that time period than the other w/o ever even approaching being even with said other during that time period. I call this the luck-factor, and u can look at it like a scale of 1-10. Some ppl are closer to the 1 and some to the 10. Ever wonder how, if ur luck factor is brutally low like mine is (I'd say I'm between a 1 and 3 on this scale), that u rarely hit draws when u have 20 outs, but other players seem to hit 3-outers or less against u with regularity? Therefore, I think that there is much more luck involved in poker than most ppl think. However, this is not to say that those with a low luck-factor can't win at poker, they just have to be a LOT more skilled and even more important, a LOT more patient than those players with a much higher luck factor. Just play really tight and controlled and trap a lot, be cautious and don't chase much. I know that this is the only way I win regularly (especially online). This really stinks as far as I'm concerned, because I would LOVE to be 1 of those luck-boxes, it would make things soooooo much easier lol



Advertisement

About the Bloggers

Recent Comments


Categories


Recent Posts
Movable Buffet: Final entry |  November 4, 2009, 1:05 pm »
Photos from Fangoria: Trinity of Terrors |  November 1, 2009, 8:45 am »
Oops, I am a tourist (and it's expensive) |  October 31, 2009, 10:00 am »
Fright Dome: Huge haunted houses at Circus Circus |  October 30, 2009, 11:47 am »

Archives